Llyod K. Johnson Foundation
"Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center in Finland, Minnesota was recently awarded a grant from the Lloyd K Johnson Foundation of $15,000 to support the Environmental Science Immersion Program...." read more
Visiting Groups This Week
Chisago Lakes, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry
Hibbing Community College, Breck School
The Naturalist's Journal
January 23 Frost Cracks
This week the bitter cold of winter has finally arrived at Wolf Ridge. With overnight lows reaching -19°F, some interesting music has been coming from the woods. What sounds like a loud explosive rifle shot is actually the bark of sugar maple trees cracking, creating what is known as a “frost crack”. These long vertical fractures can be found on the southerly facing side of tree trunks, where the day’s sunlight heats the bark and wood directly under the bark. This causes the bark and inner wood to expand slightly. When the temperature quickly drops at nightfall, the outer bark cools and contracts more quickly than the inner wood. This rapid and uneven contraction of the wood is what causes the bark to split open in an audible crack that echoes for miles through the wintry northern woods. -Sarah Onstad
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